ABSTRACT
Background@#Generally, lactate levels > 2 mmol/L represent hyperlactatemia, whereas lactic acidosis is often defined as lactate > 4 mmol/L. Although hyperlactatemia is common finding in liver transplant (LT) candidates, association between lactate and organ failures with Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is poorly studied. We searched the important variables for pre-LT hyperlactatemia and examined the impact of preoperative hyperlactatemia on early mortality after LT. @*Methods@#A total of 2,002 patients from LT registry between January 2008 and February 2019 were analyzed. Six organ failures (liver, kidney, brain, coagulation, circulation, and lung) were defined by criteria of EASL-CLIF ACLF Consortium. Variable importance of preoperative hyperlactatemia was examined by machine learning using random survival forest (RSF). Kaplan-Meier Survival curve analysis was performed to assess 90-day mortality. @*Results@#Median lactate level was 1.9 mmol/L (interquartile range: 1.4, 2.4 mmol/L) and 107 (5.3%) patients showed > 4.0 mmol/L. RSF analysis revealed that the four most important variables for hyperlactatemia were MELD score, circulatory failure, hemoglobin, and respiratory failure. The 30-day and 90-day mortality rates were 2.7% and 5.1%, whereas patients with lactate > 4.0 mmol/L showed increased rate of 15.0% and 19.6%, respectively. @*Conclusion@#About 50% and 5% of LT candidates showed pre-LT hyperlactatemia of > 2.0 mmol/L and > 4.0 mmol/L, respectively. Pre-LT lactate > 4.0 mmol/L was associated with increased early post-LT mortality. Our results suggest that future study of correcting modifiable risk factors may play a role in preventing hyperlactatemia and lowering early mortality after LT.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Recently, a mobile ultracongruent polyethylene insert was used to increase joint stability in the posterior cruciate ligament sacrificed total knee arthroplasty with non-posted mobile bearing. However, as yet there have been no reports about this implant. In this study, the clinical and radiological results of surgery using the implant were analyzed through a navigation system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects included 95 cases of 70 patients to whom the rotating tibial implant was applied after posterior cruciate ligament resection among the patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty from September 2006 to December 2008. The follow-up duration was at least 24 months, and 40 months on average. For clinical evaluation, the knee score and functional scores were measured preoperatively and at the time of final follow-up. With reference to a 5 mm joint line change measurement recorded by the navigation system, which can affect the clinical result, the comparison and evaluation were performed by dividing the subjects into group I (5 mm). Radiological evaluation was performed by measuring the angle of the mechanical axis of the lower extremities and the patella tilting angle preoperatively and at the time of final follow-up using plain radiographs. RESULTS: Seventy subjects (95 cases) were followed up for at least 24 months. According to the clinical results, the mean KSS knee score improved from a preoperative score of 43.4 to a final follow-up score of 90.6 (p<0.0001). In addition, the mean functional score improved from a preoperative score of 51 to a final follow-up score of 88.4 (p<0.0001). Finally, the mean joint line change, which can affect the clinical result, was 5.82 mm, ranging from -1 to 12 mm. The clinical and radiological evaluations were performed by dividing the subjects into two groups in relation to the reference value of 5 mm, but no significant difference was found. The mechanical axis angles of the lower extremities improved from the preoperative value of varus 10.01degrees to the final follow-up value of varus 1.89degrees, and the difference was significant (p<0.0001). The mean patella tilting angles were 8.8degrees and 9.3degrees, respectively, at the time before the operation and after the final follow-up; this difference was not significant (p=0.89). CONCLUSION: Good clinical and radiological results were observed after at least two years of follow-up subsequent to total knee arthroplasty, in which a rotating ultracongruent polyethylene insert was applied after posterior cruciate ligament resection using a navigation system.